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Christiaan Antonius Lindemans (Rotterdam, 24 October 1912 – Scheveningen, 18 July 1946), the fourth son of Joseph Hendrik Lindemans and Christina Antonia van Uden, was a Dutch double agent during the Second World War, working under Russian control. Otherwise known as Freddi Desmet,〔"La ligne de démarcation: Un acte de foi dans la Patrie, Tome XVI, by Rémy , published by Librairie académique Perrin, 1969〕 officer in the Belgian army and SOE agent with security clearance at the Dutch Military Intelligence Division of the SOE (MID/SOE). He is better known under his nickname "King Kong" or in some circles as "le Tueur" (the Killer) as he undertook missions to kill〔Was Arnhem Betrayed ?, by Loe de Jong, article published in Encounter, June 1981〕 and was ready to shoot at the slightest provocation. There is speculation that Lindemans may have been a member of Colonel〔"La ligne de démarcation: Un acte de foi dans la Patrie, Tome XVI, by Colonel Rémy, published by Librairie académique Perrin, 1969〕 Claude Dansey's Z organisation. He is blamed〔"Spy Catcher", by Oreste Pinto, published by Nelson, 1964, p. 129〕〔"Liddell Hart: 15/15/50", (),1957, King's College London, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives〕 for betraying the plans of Operation Market Garden to the enemy and as a result caused the Allies defeat at the battle of Arnhem in 1944, the loss of the battle prolonged the war by 6 months, allowing the Russian Red Army to enter Berlin first.〔"Major Problems in American Foreign Relations, Volume II: Since 1914", by Dennis Merrill and Thomas G.Paterson, published by Cengage learning Inc, 7 edition, 2009, p.175〕 Krist, as he was called by his comrades, had worked for the Allies with great bravery, being personally responsible for the death of at least of twenty-seven Germans during the guerrilla war in the outskirts of Antwerp. A natural risk-taker, he didn't know the meaning of fear; unfortunately neither did he know the meaning of loyalty.〔"My Testament", by Capt.Peter Baker,MC, published by John Calder, March 1955, pp. 112–3〕 ==Biography== Before the outbreak of the Second World War, Lindemans worked alongside his brother Jan as a mechanic at his father's garage in Rotterdam. In the summer of 1936, he was injured in a motorcycle accident sustaining a cracked skull and injuries to his left arm and leg which left him walking with a lumbering, simian-like, gait〔"Uncertain Horizons:Canadians and their world in 1945", ed by Greg Donaghy, published by Canadian Committee for the History of the Second World War 1997, p. 53〕(described by some as a slight limp and a deformed hand). Tall and heavily built (6 ft 3 and 260 lbs), he was nicknamed King Kong (name given to him by his rowing trainer), he spoke French and German well and some English. By his own account, Lindemans started to work as an informant for the British secrets service since the spring of 1940, relaying shipping movements to London. In August of the same year, he found work as lorry driver on the Lille to Paris route carrying petrol for the German air forces. While living at Lille, and through his girlfriend (who later became his wife), he became involved with the resistance sometime in 1940. About September 1942, Lindemans established his own escape line in Abbeville where he was arrested two months later after being denounced by a woman living in Paris, an acquaintance named Colette. He was imprisoned by the Germans for five months, he was the only one of his organization to be detained. By 1943, his popularity as one of the leaders of the Dutch resistance was its highest. He had begun collecting jewels and other valuables from rich women to provide fighting funds for the underground "escape route" through occupied Belgium and the Netherlands into Spain and Portugal. Lindemans served as a contact with resistance movements, some with Communist tendencies such as the RVV (Raad van Verzet or Council of Resistance, the RVV was engaged in both communications sabotage and protection of onderduikers or ''people in hiding''〔Studies in Intelligence, issue 1, published by the U.S Central Intelligence Agency, 1998, p.109〕), the CS VI group of Amsterdam (a clandestine sabotage and intelligence organisation, one of its members was Dutch officer Captain Kas de Graaf〔Uncertain horizons:Canadians and their world in 1945, ed by Greg Donaghy, published by Canadian Committee for the History of the Second World War 1997, p.54〕), the Trouw (Fidelity), the Het Parool (The spoken Word), the Dutch-Paris escape line run by John Henry Weidner〔Flee the Captor, by Herbert Ford, published by Review & Herald Publishing 1994, p.243〕 and for evasion networks within the jurisdisdiction of MI9.〔The Lindemans Affair, by Anne Lambert under the pen name Anne Laurens, published by Allan Wingate, 1971, p.39〕 Lindemans was a member of one of the twelve recognised units of the Belgian underground army called ''Les Affranchis'' (''The Liberated'', ranked twelve,〔The Wiener Library Bulletin, published by Wiener Library 1956, Volume 10, p.9〕 founded by Camille Tromme), allowing him to remain in possession of a machine gun and a revolver. In February 1944 his younger brother Henk was arrested in Rotterdam by the Sicherheitspolizei and held captive at The Hague, awaiting execution for helping English people to escape from the Netherlands. Followed on 24 February〔"Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945-1 October 1946 Documents and other material in evidence, Numbers 257-F to 180-L", vol XXXVII, published at Nuremberg, Germany, 1949, p.298-9〕 by his wife who was then 3 months pregnant, expecting her second child, a French cabaret singer who worked for the French Resistance named Gilberte Letuppe (she had previously worked as an ambulance driver for the French Red Cross) nicknamed Gilou Lelup at Hotel Montholon (included in the arrests, Victor ''Vic'' Swane, Head of an escape network, Swane was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp where he died on 12 October 1944, Lindemans's wife, a member of Swane's organisation, operated under the aliases ''Anna Van Vredenburgh'' and ''Yvonne'') in Paris, the arrest was made by two members of the Gestapo assisted by four German soldiers heavily armed. They searched her bag and her room and found three ID cards, some Kommandantur signatures, pass and some German employment permits, all stolen the previous day, in addition to the items discovered, three revolvers and a box of ammunition, all to be hand over to a French resistance movement in Bordeaux (Lindemans was there at the time of his wife's arrest). Letuppe was taken prisonner and interrogated for eleven hours that day, she was beating with such force in the face, she fell from her chair but she refused to speak. She was therefore taken to Fresnes Prison, south of Paris where she was jailed, manacled hand and foot with no food and water or a bed for four days. She was questioned violently a couple of times (twenty-four), beaten in the face at each occasions. Because of her mutism, she spend the next six months in Solitary confinement. She is registered,〔"Les oubliés de Romainville", by Thomas Fontaine, published by Tallandier Editions, 2005, p.92〕 at the beginning of August, to be the last woman admitted to Fort de Romainville, a stop before deportation. Her file numbered 6 862 described her being born on 15 September 1922 and nine months pregnant (''9 Monat schwanger''). But, instead, being among the prisoners aboard the last convoy (I.264, 15 August 1944) of deportees from Paris (quai des bestiaux, gare de Pantin) to Germany and alike some of her fellow inmates who were considered unfit for transportation, she was evacuated from the Fort of Romainville on 17 August to a local Hospice in Saint-Denis where she gave birth on 25 August to her second child, a daughter named Christianne. Letuppe's release might have been ordered by Abwehr Colonel Oscar Reile, he supposedly left Paris on 18 August. It's worth mentioning that the fort of Romainville was under the control of the German military authorities. Her testimony was later written down by the Allied Information Service (AIS)-SHAEF and used as evidence in the Nuremberg trials. By March 1944, he was able to initiate contact with Abwehr , operatives in Brussels, due to his inabily to pay 10,000 Florins asked by the first intermediary agent in exchange for their freedom, Lindemans agreed to meet Dr. Gerhard sometimes called Dr. German (pseudonym for Hermann Giskes who had run the successful Operation North Pole and who could speaks perfectly English without a trace of German accent.) in a villa outside Brussels and agrees to become a double agent on condition that his wife and brother were released.〔"(German Intelligence Agents and Suspected Agents, Christian LINDEMANS, alias Christian BRANT, German codename KING KONG", 1944 Nov 10-1944 Nov 19, Reference KV 2/233, National Archives )〕 Giskes claimed that he performed his part of the bargain,〔London Calling North Pole, by Hermann J.Giskes, published by William Kimber, London, 1953〕 Henk Lindemans was released in due course and went as a voluntary worker to Germany where he had some relations.〔"Gerhardt HUNTERMANN: German. As an Abwehr officer in Holland and deputy to GISKES, HUNTERMANN was closely involved with 'Nordpol', the operation in which a number of SOE agents were turned into German double agents. He was interrogated at Camp 020 in 1945", 1945 May 07-1945 Aug 31, Reference KV 2/967, National Archives〕 From here on, Lindemans (Abwehr codenamed CC) was instructed to renew contact with resistance agents and transmit back to Major Hermann Giskes information about the resistance movement in the occupied Netherlands, France and Belgium in return he received large sums of money, Lindemans's early denunciations create an Domino effect resulting into the arrest of 267 Dutch and Belgians resistance fighters. In the wake of D-Day's landings, lindemans said to have ''visited'' the British sector of the Normandy Beachhead,〔To Win the Winter Sky:The Air War Over the Ardennes,1944-1945, by Danny.S Parker, published by Combined Publishing 1999, p.120〕 he succeeded in getting himself recruiting by IS 9 (Intelligence School 9 aka Nine Eyes〔Killer Elite, by Michael Smith, published by Weidenfeld and Nicolson 2006〕) Western Europe Area, an Anglo-American〔"Saturday at M.I.9 The Classic Account of the WW2 Allied Escape Organisation", by Airey Neave, published by Pen and Sword Military 2010, p.260〕 secret agency which worked under MI9,〔Shot Down and on the Run, by Graham Pitchfork, published by Dundurn Group Ltd 2003 p.12〕 by the end of September 1944, he was a member of Prince Bernhard's staff and was appointed to the position of liaison officer (with temporary rank of Captain in the Netherlands Forces of the Interior) between Dutch resistance and a British Intelligence unit commanded by a Canadian officer. The true nature of Lindemans's mission could have been an assassination attempt against Prince Bernhard but according to Bernhard's biographer that was not his orders, Lindemans was to spy on Prince Bernhard's HQ and find out who was the primary source of intelligence (contacts in the Dutch resistance, radio operators and other suppliers of information).〔"H. R. H. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands: An Authorized Biography", by Alden Hatch, published by Harrap, London 1962, p.116〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christiaan Lindemans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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